- one of the ancient kingdoms of Mesopotamia, the northern division of Babylonia.
- a city in and the capital of this kingdom, one of the three cities of Nimrod's kingdom. Genesis 10:10.
- a city on the Euphrates in N Babylonia, the centre of a major empire and civilization (2360–2180 bc)
- an ancient region lying north of Babylon, from which the Akkadian language and culture is named
