- a former state in SW Asia: now incorporated into Uzbekistan.
- a city in SW Uzbekistan, W of Samarkand.
- a city in S Uzbekistan. Pop: 299 000 (2005 est)
- a former emirate of central Asia: a powerful kingdom and centre of Islam; became a territory of the Soviet Union (1920) and was divided between the former Uzbek, Tajik, and Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republics
