- a church that is endowed for a chapter of canons, usually with a dean, and that has no bishop's see.
- (in the U.S.) a church or group of churches under the general management of one consistory or session.
- a consolidation of formerly distinct churches under one or more pastors.
- (in Scotland) a church or congregation the active pastor of which is the colleague and successor of the emeritus pastor.
- a church that has an endowed chapter of canons and prebendaries attached to it but that is not a cathedral
- one of a group of churches presided over by a body of pastors
- a church served by two or more ministers
- a large church endowed in the Middle Ages to become a school
- a chapel either endowed by or connected with a college
