- the mark ¨, in writing placed over the second of two adjacent vowels to indicate that it is to be pronounced separately rather than forming a diphthong with the first, as in some spellings of coöperate, naïve, etc
- this mark used for any other purpose, such as to indicate that a special pronunciation is appropriate to a particular vowel
- a pause in a line of verse occurring when the end of a foot coincides with the end of a word
