- an ancient city in NW Mesopotamia, on the modern site of Urfa: an early center of Christianity; the capital of a principality under the Crusaders.
- an ancient city on the N edge of the Syrian plateau, founded as a Macedonian colony by Seleucus I: a centre of early Christianity
- a market town in Greece: ancient capital of Macedonia. Pop (municipality): 25 729 (2001)
