- the ancient Greek goddess who personified the earth and whose numerous offspring include Uranus, by whom she bore the Titans and the Cyclopes.
- the earth, when regarded as the self-regulating organism described by the Gaia hypothesis: Our destiny is dependent on what we do for Gaia as a whole.
- the goddess of the earth, who bore Uranus and by him Oceanus, Cronus, and the Titans
