- king of Germany 1190–97; king of Sicily 1194–97; emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 1191–97 (son of Frederick I).
- king of England 1422–61, 1470–71 (son of Henry V).
- a three-part drama (Part 1, 1591–92; Part 2, 1590?; Part 3, 1590?) by Shakespeare.
- 1165–97, king of Germany (1169–97) and Holy Roman Emperor (1190–97): added Sicily to the Empire
- 1421–71, last Lancastrian king of England (1422–61; 1470–71); son of Henry V. His weak rule was blamed for the loss by 1453 of all his possessions in France except Calais; from 1454 he suffered periods of insanity which contributed to the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses (1455–85). He was deposed by Edward IV (1461) but was briefly restored to the throne (1470)
