- if and only if.
- Identification, Friend or Foe: a system of transmitters and transponders that uses coded signals to distinguish between friendly and hostile aircraft.
- a shortened form of if and only if : it indicates that the two sentences so connected are necessary and sufficient conditions for one another. Usually iff is used for equivalence in the metalanguage, rather than as the biconditional in the object language
- Identification, Friend or Foe: a system using radar transmissions to which equipment carried by friendly forces automatically responds with a precoded signal
