- a variable in a functional relation whose value determines the value or values of other variables, as x in the relation y = 3x2.
- (in an experiment) a variable that is intentionally changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
- a variable in a mathematical equation or statement whose value determines that of the dependent variable: in y = f(x), x is the independent variable
- the variable which an experimenter deliberately manipulates in order to observe its relationship with some other quantity, or which defines the distinct conditions in an experiment
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