- any of several South American shrubs belonging to the genus Pilocarpus, of the rue family.
- the dried leaflets of certain of these plants, especially P. jaborandi, containing the alkaloid pilocarpine, used in medicine.
- any of several tropical American rutaceous shrubs of the genus Pilocarpus, esp P. jaborandi
- the dried leaves of any of these plants, used to induce sweating
