- a former part of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh in N India: now part of Uttar Pradesh.
- a region of N India, in central Uttar Pradesh: annexed by Britain in 1856 and a centre of the Indian Mutiny (1857–58); joined with Agra in 1877, becoming the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh in 1902, which were renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950
- another name for Ayodhya
