- a former territory in central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: formerly part of German East Africa; administered by Belgium as a League of Nations mandate 1923–46 and as a United Nations trust territory 1946–62; now divided into the independent states of Rwanda and Burundi.
- a former territory of central Africa: part of German East Africa from 1890; a League of Nations mandate under Belgian administration from 1919; a United Nations trusteeship from 1946; divided into the independent states of Rwanda and Burundi in 1962
