- the uprising in Russia in March 1917 (February, Old Style ) in which the czarist government collapsed and a provisional government was established.
- a coup d'état in November 1917 (October, Old Style ), which overthrew the provisional Russian government established eight months earlier, and which resulted in the formation of the Soviet government.
- the uprising in Russia in March 1917, during which the tsar abdicated and a provisional government was set up
- the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks under Lenin in November 1917, transforming the uprising into a socialist revolution. This was followed by a period of civil war against counter-revolutionary armies (1918–22), which ended in eventual victory for the Bolsheviks
