- sultan of Egypt and Syria 1175–93: opponent of Crusaders.
- Arabic name Salah-ed-Din Yusuf ibn-Ayyub. ?1137–93, sultan of Egypt and Syria and opponent of the Crusaders. He defeated the Christians near Tiberias (1187) and captured Acre, Jerusalem, and Ashkelon. He fought against Richard I of England and Philip II of France during the Third Crusade (1189–92)
