- an ancient city in Iraq, on the Tigris River: capital of the Seleucid empire.
- an ancient city in Asia Minor, near the mouth of the Orontes River: the port of Antioch.
- an ancient city in Mesopotamia, on the River Tigris: founded by Seleucus Nicator in 312 bc; became the chief city of the Seleucid empire; sacked by the Romans around 162 ad
- an ancient city in SE Asia Minor, on the River Calycadnus (modern Goksu Nehri): captured by the Turks in the 13th century; site of present-day Silifke (Turkey)
- an ancient port in Syria, on the River Orontes: the port of Antioch, of military importance during the wars between the Ptolemies and Seleucids; largely destroyed by earthquake in 526; site of present-day Samanda? (Turkey)
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