- an assembly or council of citizens having the highest deliberative functions in a government, especially a legislative assembly of a state or nation.
- the upper house of the legislature of certain countries, as the United States, France, Italy, Canada, Ireland, Republic of South Africa, Australia, and some Latin American countries.
- the room or building in which such a group meets.
- the supreme council of state, the membership and functions of which varied at different periods.
- a governing, advisory, or disciplinary body, as in certain universities.
- any legislative or governing body considered to resemble a Senate
- the main governing body at some colleges and universities
- the upper chamber of the legislatures of the US, Canada, Australia, and many other countries
- the legislative council of ancient Rome. Originally the council of the kings, the Senate became the highest legislative, judicial, and religious authority in republican Rome
- the ruling body of certain free cities in medieval and modern Europe
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