- an engagement or promise, especially one made on behalf of another.
- an engagement made on behalf of a government by an agent acting beyond their authority or without the required authorization and therefore not binding on the government unless ratified.
- the act of becoming surety for another.
- the act or process of becoming surety; sponsorship
- an unauthorized agreement made by a public officer, esp an admiral or general in time of war, requiring ratification by the government of the state concerned
- any act or promise, esp one made on behalf of someone else
