- a person who participated in the unsuccessful rebellion (Taiping Rebellion ), 1850–64, led by Hung Hsiu-ch'üan (Hong Xiuquan), who attempted to overthrow the Manchu dynasty.
- a person who supported or took part in the movement of religious mysticism and agrarian unrest in China between 1850 and 1864 (Taiping rebellion), which weakened the Manchu dynasty but was eventually suppressed with foreign aid
